Joseph Rotblat
The physicist Joseph Rotblat is born in Poland in 1909 and studies in Warsaw, where he receives his doctorate in 1938. After emigrating, he participates in the development of the American atomic bomb. By 1944, convinced that Germany would not succeed in building the bomb, he leaves the project, and after the war he devotes himself to the medical uses of nuclear physics.

The dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan in August 1945 makes him a resolute opponent of nuclear weapons. He is one of the signers of the Russell-Einstein Manifesto and the founder of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, serving as its president since 1988. In 1995 he and the Pugwash Conferences are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their campaigns against the perils of nuclear technology and promoting social responsibility among scientists.

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